Anabolism and catabolism are the parts into which it is divided metabolism. He anabolism it is a synthesis reaction where energy is consumed. He catabolism it is a decomposition reaction where energy is released. Although they are two different processes, they work in a coordinated way.
While anabolism builds large molecules from smaller ones, catabolism is a reduction reaction where a complex molecule is converted into a simpler one.
| Anabolism | Catabolism | |
|---|---|---|
| What is | Phase where the molecules that the body needs are built. | Process that breaks down large molecules in the body into smaller ones. |
| Phase type | Constructive. | Destructive. |
| Energy | It is consumed by the body. | It releases it for the body. |
| Reaction | Endergonic, reduction and synthesis or construction. | Exergonic, decomposing or destructive and oxidative. |
| Molecules | Complex molecules are produced from simple molecules. | Simple molecules are produced from complex molecules. |
| Hormones |
|
|
| Examples | When amino acids are converted into proteins, glucose into glycogen and fatty acids into triglycerides. |
When proteins are converted to amino acids, proteins into glucose, glycogen into glucose, and triglycerides into fatty acids. |
What is anabolism?
The word anabolism comes from the Greek anawhich means ‘up’, and balleinwhich we can translate as ‘throw’.
Anabolism is one of the two parts into which metabolism is divided, which is also known as biosynthesis.
Anabolism is a constructive chemical reaction where it is they synthesize complex molecules from simpler ones which can be organic or inorganic. Thus molecules can grow and renew themselves, or be stored as energy reserves.
This metabolic process of constructionwhere energy is consumed to obtain large molecules from smaller ones, is possible thanks to the energy contribution of adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
In these reactions, the more rusty compounds are reduced. Through anabolism, living things can form proteins from amino acids and maintain body tissues.
Functions of anabolism
- Increase muscle mass.
- To form the components and cellular tissues of growth.
- Store energy.
Stages of anabolism
- In the first stage, precursors are produced, such as amino acids, monosaccharides and others.
- The precursors are then activated, using energy from adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
- In the third stage, more complex molecules are produced, such as proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, and nucleic acids.
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What is catabolism?
Catabolism is a word that comes from the Greek catwhich means ‘down’, and balleinwhich means ‘throw’.
Catabolism is the part of the metabolic process by which they are degraded, reduced or they oxidize different organic nutrients in the simplest forms so that the body assimilates them and transforms them into energy. This energy is essential for the functioning of anabolism.
The energy released is stored in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) molecules, so the cell can perform vital actions such as muscle contraction and molecule synthesis.
It’s a destructive phase reduction where, from a complex organic molecule, such as carbohydrates and lipids, simpler ones are obtained such as H2O, CO2lactic acid or ammonia.
A catabolic process is the digestion, large molecular complexes are broken down and transformed into simpler forms so that they can be used as raw material and energy in anabolic processes. Therefore, digestion is essential for anabolism to function properly.
Bacteria are often able to metabolize iron and sulfur.
Functions of catabolism
- Degradate organic nutrients.
- Extract the chemical energy from degraded nutrients to be used by the body.
- Nourish the body using tissues when there is a lack of food.
Stages of catabolism
- Large organic molecules, such as proteins, polysaccharides, or lipids, are degraded to amino acids, monosaccharides, and fatty acids, respectively.
- Small molecules are carried to the cells and are transformed into even simpler molecules, releasing energy during the process.
- Finally, the coenzymes are oxidized in the electron transport chain.
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